The shift to learning outcomes: Policies and practices in Europe

This study addresses the shift towards learning outcomes taking place in European education and training policies and practices. The study illustrates the impact of this approach on policy development at European and national level; the development of curricula and standards; improvement of testing and assessment; and teaching and training practices. The study also addresses how European cooperation in all areas of learning - including higher education - integrates this approach, as illustrated by the ongoing work on the European and national qualification frameworks.