The revolution in security affairs: Hard and soft security dynamics in the 21st century

Article is part of a special issue entitled 'Managing the challenges of soft security threats in the 21st century'.

Abstract:

The neat dividing lines between hard and soft, civil and military security are rapidly dissolving, requiring far more flexibility and causing much confusion as allies and partners have disagreed significantly about how to manage such complexity. Many Europeans continue to recognize only as much threat as they can afford. For them 'soft' security often means no security commitment at all. Whilst America needs the European allies for its excessively 'hard' security policy to work effectively, it refuses to recognize the extent of that need because of the implications such a recognition would have for control over security outcomes. Therein lies a dilemma, brought to public attention in the fight against catastrophic terror and the war in Iraq. This article explores how both sides of the transatlantic divide might begin to cope with this new set of problems, with a new set of relationships in a new set of ways.

• Primary Source