ECB Monthly Bulletin | April 2009

Summary: 

The Monthly Bulletin was published from January 1999 to December 2014. The Monthly Bulletin was published one week after each monetary policy meeting of the ECB's Governing Council. It explained the monetary policy decision and provided a detailed analysis of the current economic situation and risks to price stability. 

Table of Contents: 

• Editorial
• Economic and Monetary Developments
  • The external environment of the euro area
  • Monetary and financial developments
  • Prices and costs
  • Output, demand and the labour market
  • Fiscal developments
  • Exchange rate and balance of payments developments
  • Boxes:
    • US recessions: what can be learned from the past?
    • How are government measures supporting the financial system reflected on the balance sheets of euro area credit institutions?
    • Financial integration in Europe: main findings of the 2009 report
    • Recent changes in short-term statistics
    • How are forecasts in the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters formed? Results of a special questionnaire
    • A comparison of the current recession in the euro area economy and its two main branches with past periods of recession
    • Structural policy priorities for the euro area
• Articles
  • The external financing of households and non-financial corporations: a comparison of the euro area and the United States
  • Revisions to GDP estimates in the euro area
  • The functional composition of government spending in the European Union
• Euro Area Statistics
•  Annexes
  • Chronology of monetary policy measures of the Eurosystem
  • Documents published by the European Central Bank since 2008
  • Glossary