Switzerland: Historical dynamics and contemporary realities

Abstract: This paper outlines the historical evolution of the Swiss political system in modern times and describes the main features of its contemporary federalism. In particular, it focuses on how the division of competences and the distribution of power have changed over time, what factors have driven these changes and describes the current situation which derives from them. It draws some lessons from this for the debate on the evolution of the European Union, pointing out both the usefulness of such an exercise and its limitations. It emphasizes the role of historical experiences and of political culture in shaping Swiss federalism and the difficulties, if not the impossibility, of replicating them in the European context.