Substitutionability of critical raw materials

The European Parliament, in September 2011, adopted a resolution that proposed focusing Research and Development on the substitution of critical raw materials to support sustainable development and encourage growth in the European economy. This study addresses the question of which measures could foster the substitution of critical raw materials in the European Union. The main conclusion of the study is that the substitution of critical raw materials needs consistent and multidisciplinary research and development action as well as further incentives.