R&D and innovation statistics in candidate countries and the Russian Federation. Data 1990-99

This statistical document is split into three sections: the first section contains statistical information on research and development activities in 11 candidate countries and the Russian Federation. Covering the period 1992-1999, the R&D statistics are: R&D personnel, R&D expenditure and government appropriations devoted to R&D. The second section contains statistical information on innovation activities carried out in the business sector (manufacturing and services) in six candidate countries and the Russian Federation. The period of reference is between 1996 and 1999. The third section presents for all countries the number of Patents applications to EPO. The publication includes methodological notes and explanations on the three types of statistics.