Regulation (EU) 2023/2675 on the protection of the Union and its Member States from economic coercion by third countries

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Series Details 2023/2675
Publication Date 07/12/2023
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Summary:

Regulation (EU) 2023/2675 - adopted by the co-legislators on 22 November 2023 - establishing an Anti-Coercion Instrument aimed at countering the use of economic coercion by third countries against Member States of the European Union (EU). This is a text with EEA relevance.

Further information:

Economic coercion refers to a situation where a third country is seeking to pressure the EU or a Member State into making a particular policy choice by applying, or threatening to apply, measures affecting trade or investment against the EU or a Member State. There has been an increasing and significant use of economic coercion by third countries, and the EU has lacked a legislative framework for acting against it.

This Regulation establishes a framework for the EU to respond to economic coercion with the objective of deterring economic coercion or obtaining the cessation of economic coercion, whilst enabling the EU, as a last resort, to counteract economic coercion through common response measures. It also establishes a framework for the EU to seek reparation for the injury to the EU, where appropriate.

The need for such a framework was highlighted in the Letter of Intent submitting by the President of the European Commission in September 2020. The Commission's 2021 Work Programme identified this initiative as a key one. Moreover, a Joint Declaration issued by the main EU institutions in February 2021 recognised that actions by third countries that seek to coerce the EU or a Member State to take or withdraw particular policy measures were of concern.

The draft law was adopted by the European Commission on 8 December 2021, alongside an accompanying Communication providing its context. The plenary of the European Parliament endorsed a negotiating position on 19 October 2022. The Council of the European Union adopted its general approach on 16 November. An informal agreement between the co-legislators on a compromise text for this file was reached on 6 June 2023. This was formally endorsed by Parliament on 3 October and by the Council on 23 October. The Act was signed by the co-legislators on 22 November 2023 and published in the Official Journal on 7 December 2023.

Source Link Link to Main Source http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2675/oj
Related Links
Official
EUR-LEX: Joint Statement of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on Regulation (EU) 2023/2675 on the protection of the Union and its Member States from economic coercion by third countries http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1340/oj
EUR-LEX: COM(2021)775: Proposal for a Regulation on the protection of the Union and its Member States from economic coercion by third countries https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2021:775:FIN
EUR-LEX: SWD(2021)371: Staff Working Document accompanying the Proposal - Impact Assessment Report https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=SWD:2021:371:FIN
EUR-LEX: SWD(2021)372: Staff Working Document accompanying the Proposal - Executive Summary of the Impact Assessment Report https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=SWD:2021:372:FIN
European Parliament: Legislative Observatory: Procedure File for Proposal on Economic coercion by third countries (2021/0406(COD)) https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2021/0406(COD)
European Parliament: Legislative Train Schedule: Instrument to deter and counteract coercive actions by third countries https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-an-economy-that-works-for-people/file-instrument-to-deter-and-counteract-coercive-actions-by-third-countries
European Commission: DG Trade: Protecting against coercion https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/enforcement-and-protection/protecting-against-coercion_en
European Commission: Press Release, 08/12/2021: EU strengthens protection against economic coercion https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_6642
European Commission: Questions and Answers: Commission proposal for an Anti-Coercion Instrument (8 December 2021) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_6643
European Parliament: Press Release, 08/12/2021: Deterrent to defend EU interests: Trade Committee Chair on anti-coercion instrument https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20211208IPR19002/
S&D EP Group: Newsroom, 08/12/2021: S&Ds welcome EU’s new instrument to counter political weaponisation of trade https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/newsroom/sds-welcome-eus-new-instrument-counter-political-weaponisation-trade
European Parliament: Press Release, 10/10/2022: MEPs back new trade instrument to protect the EU from economic blackmail https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221010IPR42635/
Council of the European Union: Press Release, 16/11/2022: Trade: Council agrees negotiating position on economic anti-coercion rules https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/11/16/trade-council-agrees-negotiating-position-on-economic-anti-coercion-rules/
Council of the European Union: Press Release, 28/03/2023: Trade: political agreement on the anti-coercion instrument https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/28/trade-political-agreement-on-the-anti-coercion-instrument/
S&D EP Group: Newsroom, 28/03/2023: Political breakthrough in negotiation on anti-coercion instrument – a new tool to empower the EU to counter political weaponisation of trade https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/newsroom/political-breakthrough-negotiation-anti-coercion-instrument-new-tool-empower-eu-counter
European Parliament: Press Release, 06/06/2023: Anti-coercion: deal on new trade tool to protect EU from economic blackmail https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230605IPR94605/
European Commission: Press Release, 06/06/2023: Political agreement on new Anti-Coercion Instrument to better defend EU interests on global stage https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_23_3046
European Parliament: Press Release, 03/10/2023: MEPs adopt new trade tool to defend EU from economic blackmail https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230929IPR06122/
EPP EP Group: Newsroom, 03/10/2023: EU gets the means to defend itself against coercion https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/eu-gets-the-means-to-defend-itself-against-coercion
ECR EP Group: News, 03/10/2023: Single market to be better protected against bullies https://ecrgroup.eu/article/single_market_to_be_better_protected_against_bullies
Council of the European Union: Press Release, 23/10/2023: Trade: Council adopts a regulation to protect the EU from third-country economic coercion https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/23/trade-council-adopts-a-regulation-to-protect-the-eu-from-third-country-economic-coercion/

News
Politico, 06/12/2021: EU flexes geopolitical muscle with new trade weapon https://www.politico.eu/article/eus-newest-trade-tool-allows-brussels-to-hit-back-hard-against-economic-blackmail/
Reuters, 08/12/2021: EU seeks to deter economic coercion with new trade defence https://www.reuters.com/business/eu-seeks-deter-economic-coercion-with-new-trade-defence-2021-12-08/
EurActiv, 08/12/2021: With geopolitics in mind, EU Commission presents new tool to deter trade wars https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/with-geopolitics-in-mind-eu-commission-presents-new-tool-to-deter-trade-wars/
EUObserver, 09/12/2021: EU plans new trade defence tool to deter economic coercion https://euobserver.com/world/153761
Deutsche Welle, 10/12/2021: EU devises new measures against 'economic coercion' https://p.dw.com/p/446ep
LRT News, 07/01/2022: France wants quick EU response to China’s coercion against Lithuania – media https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1582942/france-wants-quick-eu-response-to-china-s-coercion-against-lithuania-media
Politico, 20/10/2022: EU countries seek to claw back power from Brussels on upcoming trade bazooka https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-countries-seek-to-claw-back-power-from-brussels-on-upcoming-trade-bazooka/
EurActiv, 16/11/2022: EU member states clip Commission wings in anti-coercion tool discussions https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-member-states-clip-commission-wings-in-anti-coercion-tool-discussions/
Reuters, 28/03/2023: EU backs retaliation against economic coercion https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-agrees-trade-defence-against-economic-coercion-2023-03-28/
EurActiv, 28/03/2023: EU agrees on anti-coercion instrument to fight foreign interference https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-agrees-on-anti-coercion-instrument-to-fight-foreign-interference/
Reuters, 03/10/2023: Lawmakers clear EU to retaliate against economic coercion https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/lawmakers-clear-eu-retaliate-against-economic-coercion-2023-10-03/
EurActiv, 04/10/2023: EU ‘united’ against economic blackmail – despite facing claims of hypocrisy https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/eu-united-against-economic-blackmail-despite-facing-claims-of-hypocrisy/

Commentary and Analysis
New Statesman: Comments, 18/11/2021: Economic arm-twisting is on the rise. Europe must learn how to resist it https://www.newstatesman.com/comment/2021/11/economic-arm-twisting-is-on-the-rise-europe-must-learn-how-to-resist-it
Holman Fenwick Willan (HFW): Briefing, December 2021: European Commission proposes a new anti-coercion Regulation to counter economic coercion by third countries https://www.hfw.com/European-Commission-proposes-a-new-anti-coercion-Regulation-to-counter-economic-coercion-by-third-countries
Euronews, 08/12/2021: Brussels is vowing to fight back against economic coercion. But how far will it go? https://www.euronews.com/2021/12/08/brussels-is-vowing-to-fight-back-against-economic-coercion-but-how-far-will-it-go
CEPS: Policy Insights, 16/12/2021: Lithuania, China and EU lawfare to counter economic coercion https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/lithuania-china-and-eu-lawfare-to-counter-economic-coercion/
ECFR: Events, 17/12/2021: Europe’s answer to economic warfare: The EU’s anti-coercion instrument and building sovereignty in a networked world https://ecfr.eu/event/europes-answer-to-economic-warfare-the-eus-anti-coercion-instrument/
European Journal of International Law: EJIL Talk! Blog, 19/01/2022: The EU’s Anti-Coercion Instrument: A Big Stick for Big targets https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-eus-anti-coercion-instrument-a-big-stick-for-big-targets/
German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP): Policy Brief No 7, March 2022: Designing a Geo-Economic Policy for Europe https://dgap.org/en/research/publications/designing-geo-economic-policy-europe
Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS): Critical Questions, 21/04/2022: What Are the Trade Contours of the European Union’s Anti-coercion Instrument? https://www.csis.org/analysis/what-are-trade-contours-european-unions-anti-coercion-instrument
European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): Briefing, 11/05/2022: EU response to economic coercion by third countries - Initial Appraisal of a European Commission Impact Assessment https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)730326
Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) Research: Regulatory Alert, 19/08/2022: EU Law Proposal on Anti-coercive Economic and Trade Measures Faces Obstacles on Path to Adoption https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTE0NTc2NDQzOQ
Renew Europe EP Group: Newsroom, 10/10/2022: Renew Europe leads the strengthening of EU trade policy with the establishment of a strong anti-coercion instrument https://www.reneweuropegroup.eu/news/2022-10-10/renew-europe-leads-the-strengthening-of-eu-trade-policy-with-the-establishment-of-a-strong-anti-coercion-instrument
Van Bael & Bellis (VBB): Insights & News, 12/10/2022: The EU Anti-coercion Instrument Proposal: Update on the Position of the European Parliament and the Council https://www.vbb.com/media/Insights_News/EU_ANTI_COERCION_INSTRUMENT_-highres.pdf
European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): Briefing, 24/11/2022: Proposed anti-coercion instrument https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)729299
Institut Montaigne: Expressions, 02/12/2022: Effective Deterrence? The Coming European Anti-Coercion Instrument https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/effective-deterrence-coming-european-anti-coercion-instrument
Politico, 30/03/2023: EU puts trade weapon on the table. Will it shoot? https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-put-trade-weapon-table-will-it-shoot-china-economy/
Noerr: Insights, 28/04/2023: Anti-Coercion Instrument https://www.noerr.com/en/insights/anti-coercion-instrument
Herbert Smith Freehills: Competition Notes, 14/07/2023: The EU Anti Economic Coercion Regulation – A New Addition to the EU’s Toolbox https://hsfnotes.com/crt/2023/07/14/the-eu-anti-economic-coercion-regulation-a-new-addition-to-the-eus-toolbox/
European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): At a Glance, 27/09/2023: Economic coercion by non-EU countries https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA(2023)753937
European Journal of International Law (EJIL): Talk! Blog, 10/10/2023: Questioning the EU Anti-Coercion Instrument – Conflating the Curtailment of ‘Strategic Autonomy’ with the Erosion of Sovereignty? https://www.ejiltalk.org/questioning-the-eu-anti-coercion-instrument-conflating-the-curtailment-of-strategic-autonomy-with-the-erosion-of-sovereignty/
Leiden University: News, 20/10/2023: How the EU is trying to deter economic coercion of countries https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2023/10/how-the-eu-is-trying-to-deter-economic-coercion-of-countries
Sussex University: UK Trade Policy Observatory (UKTPO), 20/10/2023: The EU Anti-Coercion Instrument: Another weapon in the Trade Policy Toolbox https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/uktpo/2023/10/20/the-eu-anti-coercion-instrument-another-weapon-in-the-trade-policy-toolbox/
Mayer Brown: Perspectives, 03/11/2023: The EU Introduces Legislation Tackling Economic Coercion by Third Countries https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/perspectives-events/publications/2023/11/the-eu-introduces-legislation-tackling-economic-coercion-by-third-countries

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