Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869

Summary:

Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 - adopted by the co-legislators on 24 June 2024 - aimed at restoring damaged ecosystems and bringing nature back across the European Union (EU). This is also known as the Nature Restoration Law. The Act also introduces amendments to Regulation (EU) 2022/869. This is a text with EEA relevance.

Further information:

This Regulation establishes a framework with which Member States shall put in place effective and area-based restoration measures with the aim to jointly cover, as an EU-wide target, throughout the areas and ecosystems within the scope of this Regulation, at least 20 % of land areas and at least 20 % of sea areas by 2030, and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. It envisages the establishment of National Restoration Plans.

The rules aim to contribute to the long-term and sustained recovery of biodiverse and resilient ecosystems across the Member States' land and sea areas through the restoration of degraded ecosystems. They also seek to achieve the EU's overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation and land degradation neutrality.

The draft Regulation was adopted by the European Commission on 22 June 2022 as part of a so-called nature protection package. It delivered on elements of the European Green Deal, in particular the commitment within the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 for leadership on reversing biodiversity loss and restoring nature. It was also seen as a key contribution on a post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.

The Council of the European Union adopted its general approach to this draft law on 20 June 2023. Following the rejection of a proposed negotiating position at committee level on 27 June, the plenary of the European Parliament adopted its approach on 12 July. An informal agreement between the co-legislators on a compromise text for this file was reached on 9 November. This was formally endorsed by the Parliament's plenary on 27 February 2024 and by the Council on 17 June 2024.

Official

EUR-LEX: COM(2022)34): Proposal for a Regulation on nature restoration https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2022:304:FIN

EUR-LEX: SWD(2022)167: Staff Working Document accompanying the Proposal - Impact Assessment Report https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=SWD:2022:167:FIN

EUR-LEX: SWD(2022)168: Staff Working Document accompanying the Proposal - Executive Summary of the Impact Assessment Report https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=SWD:2022:168:FIN

Publications Office of the EU: EU Law Tracker: Proposal for a Regulation on nature restoration https://law-tracker.europa.eu/procedure/2022_195?lang=en

European Parliament: Legislative Observatory: Procedure File for Proposal on Nature restoration (2022/0195(COD)) https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2022/0195(COD)

European Parliament: Legislative Train Schedule: Proposal for a regulation on nature restoration https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-european-green-deal/file-restoration-of-healthy-ecosystems

European Commission: DG Environment: Topics: Nature restoration law https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/nature-and-biodiversity/nature-restoration-law_en

General Secretariat of the Council (EU): Policies: Nature Restoration https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/nature-restoration/

European Commission: Public Consultations: Protecting biodiversity: nature restoration targets under EU biodiversity strategy (2020-2022) https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12596-Protecting-biodiversity-nature-restoration-targets-under-EU-biodiversity-strategy_en

European Commission: Press Release, 22/06/2022: Green Deal: pioneering proposals to restore Europe's nature by 2050 and halve pesticide use by 2030 https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_3746

European Commission: Questions and Answers on Nature Restoration Law: restoring ecosystems for people, climate and planet (22 June 2022) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_22_3747

European Commission: Press conference by Executive Vice-President Timmermans and Commissioners Kyriakides and Sinkevičius on the Nature Restoration Law and the Commission's proposal to halve the use of pesticides by 2030 (22 June 2022) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_22_3968

Greens/EFA EP Group: Press Release, 22/06/2022: Nature restoration to bring back bees & bird song https://www.greens-efa.eu/en/article/press/nature-restoration-to-bring-back-bees-bird-song

RTÉ News, 22/06/2022: Proposed new law aims to restore damaged ecosystems https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0622/1306372-nature-restoration-law/

Council of the European Union: Press Release, 20/06/2023: Council reaches agreement on the nature restoration law https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/06/20/council-reaches-agreement-on-the-nature-restoration-law/

Irish Government: Press Release, 20/06/2023: Ireland votes in favour of Nature Restoration Law at EU Council meeting https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/2794a-ireland-votes-in-favour-of-nature-restoration-law-at-eu-council-meeting/

S&D EP Group: Newsroom, 27/06/2023: In tight vote, Nature Restoration Law rejected despite obvious benefits for people and planet https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/newsroom/tight-vote-nature-restoration-law-rejected-despite-obvious-benefits-people-and-planet

GUE/NGL EP Group: News, 27/06/2023: 50/50 split on the Nature Restoration Law - fight goes on https://left.eu/50-50-split-on-the-nature-restoration-law/

EPP EP Group: Newsroom, 06/07/2023: Start over with the Nature Restoration Law https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/opinions/start-over-with-the-nature-restoration-law

European Commission: Opening remarks by Commissioner Sinkevičius on Nature Restoration Law at the European Parliament's Plenary session in Strasbourg (11 July 2023) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_3804

European Parliament: Press Release, 12/07/2023: Nature restoration law: MEPs adopt position for negotiations with Council https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230707IPR02433/

Renew Europe EP Group: Newsroom, 12/07/2023: Nature Restoration Law: Renew Europe broke the deadlock and delivered for nature https://www.reneweuropegroup.eu/news/2023-07-12/nature-restoration-law-renew-europe-broke-the-deadlock-and-delivered-for-nature

Council of the European Union: Press Release, 09/11/2023: Nature restoration: Council and Parliament reach agreement on new rules to restore and preserve degraded habitats in the EU https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/11/09/nature-restoration-council-and-parliament-reach-agreement-on-new-rules-to-restore-and-preserve-degraded-habitats-in-the-eu/

European Parliament: Press Release, 09/11/2023: EU Nature restoration law: MEPs strike deal to restore 20% of EU’s land and sea https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231031IPR08714/

European Commission: Press Release, 09/11/2023: Commission welcomes agreement between European Parliament and Council on Nature Restoration Law https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_5662

European Parliament: Press Release, 27/02/2024: Nature restoration: Parliament adopts law to restore 20% of EU’s land and sea https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240223IPR18078/

Renew Europe EP Group: Newsroom, 27/02/2024: European Parliament kicks off nature restoration in Europe https://www.reneweuropegroup.eu/news/2024-02-27/european-parliament-kicks-off-nature-restoration-in-europe

European Parliament: Topics, 29/02/2024: Nature restoration: taking better care of habitats in the EU https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20240223STO18042/

Council of the European Union: Press Release, 17/06/2024: Nature restoration law: Council gives final green light https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/06/17/nature-restoration-law-council-gives-final-green-light/

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News

EurActiv: Topics: Nature Restoration Law https://www.euractiv.com/topics/nature-restoration-law/

EurActiv, 10/06/2022: EU plans law to reverse decades of biodiversity loss https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/eu-plans-law-to-reverse-decades-of-biodiversity-loss/

The Guardian, 22/06/2022: EU plan to halve use of pesticides in ‘milestone’ legislation to restore ecosystems https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/22/eu-legislation-restoration-ecosystems-biodiversity-aoe

EUObserver, 24/05/2023: Double rejection for EU flagship nature restoration plan https://euobserver.com/green-economy/157071

EUObserver, 12/06/2023: Big businesses back EU nature restoration law, after EPP attack https://euobserver.com/green-economy/157133

RTÉ News, 14/06/2023: Divided opinions on the EU's Nature Restoration Law https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/0614/1389002-eu-nature-law/

Associated Press (AP News), 15/06/2023: EU nature restoration law narrowly survives attack by conservative lawmakers https://apnews.com/article/european-green-deal-climate-environment-2e23f134d93d9fa65ed2252f54d9a600

The Irish Times, 15/06/2023: Nature-restoration law narrowly survives in European Parliament https://www.irishtimes.com/environment/climate-crisis/2023/06/15/nature-restoration-law-narrowly-survives-in-european-parliament/

Euronews, 20/06/2023: EU countries vote to move forward with Nature Restoration Law, piling further pressure on MEPs https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/06/20/eu-countries-vote-to-move-forward-with-nature-restoration-law-piling-further-pressure-on-m

EurActiv, 21/06/2023: EU environment ministers greenlight position on Nature Restoration Law https://www.euractiv.com/section/biodiversity/news/eu-environment-ministers-greenlight-position-on-nature-restoration-law/

EurActiv: Special Reports, 26/06/2023: Restoring Europe’s forests https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/special_report/restoring-europes-forests/

Euronews, 27/06/2023: MEPs of environment committee vote down the Nature Restoration Law, throwing its survival into doubt https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/06/27/meps-vote-down-the-nature-restoration-law-throwing-its-survival-into-doubt

EurActiv, 10/07/2023: Timmermans: EU climate goals ‘hinge on’ success of nature restoration law https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/news/timmermans-eu-climate-goals-hinge-on-success-of-nature-restoration-law/

France24, 11/07/2023: Backlash against Nature Restoration Law shows deep divides in European Parliament https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230711-backlash-against-nature-restoration-law-shows-deep-divides-in-european-parliament

The Guardian, 12/07/2023: EU passes nature restoration law in knife-edge vote https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/12/eu-passes-nature-restoration-law-vote-meps

Euronews, 12/07/2023: Nature Restoration Law survives knife-edge vote in the European Parliament amid right-wing backlash https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/07/12/nature-restoration-law-survives-knife-edge-vote-in-the-european-parliament-amid-right-wing

CNN News, 12/07/2023: Europe agrees landmark nature and climate deal after tense negotiations https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/12/europe/eu-nature-restoration-law-climate-intl/index.html

Greenpeace: Press Release, 12/07/2023: EU Parliament backs landmark law to restore Europe’s nature https://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/issues/climate-energy/46743/eu-parliament-backs-landmark-law-to-restore-europes-nature/

Deutsche Welle, 12/07/2023: EU lawmakers pass nature restoration bill in razor-thin vote https://p.dw.com/p/4TlXH

The New York Times, 12/07/2023: After a Bitter Fight, European Lawmakers Pass a Bill to Repair Nature https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/12/climate/europe-nature-restoration-law.html

Politico, 08/11/2023: Crunch time for EU conservatives’ push to kill nature law https://www.politico.eu/article/epp-nature-law-environment-climate-eu-conservative-green-deal/

Politico, 10/11/2023: EU nature law fight ends in pyrrhic victory for Green Deal defenders https://www.politico.eu/article/european-union-nature-law-green-deal-biodiversity-european-peoples-party/

France24, 10/11/2023: EU reaches deal on contested nature restoration bill https://www.france24.com/en/environment/20231110-eu-agrees-on-crucial-biodiversity-bill

The Guardian, 10/11/2023: EU strikes landmark deal on law to restore and protect nature https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/10/eu-strikes-landmark-deal-nature-restoration-law

Politico, 26/02/2024: Right wing takes yet another stab at killing EU nature law https://www.politico.eu/article/third-times-charm-right-wing-takes-another-stab-killing-eu-nature-law/

Politico, 27/02/2024: EU nature law survives conservative backlash in final Parliament vote https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-nature-law-survives-conservative-backlash-in-final-parliament-vote/

Le Monde, 27/02/2024: EU Parliament adopts biodiversity and nature restoration bill https://www.lemonde.fr/en/european-union/article/2024/02/27/eu-parliament-backs-contested-biodiversity-bill_6564879_156.html

France24, 27/02/2024: EU approves landmark bill to restore 20% of the bloc's land and seas by 2030 https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240227-eu-parliament-backs-contested-biodiversity-bill

The Brussels Times, 27/02/2024: EU nature law passes to restore 20% of Europe's degraded land and sea https://www.brusselstimes.com/942623/eu-nature-law-passes-to-restore-20-of-europes-degraded-land-and-sea

Deutsche Welle, 27/02/2024: European Parliament passes landmark nature restoration law https://p.dw.com/p/4cvxo

RFI News, 28/02/2024: EU parliament adopts biodiversity and nature restoration bill https://www.rfi.fr/en/environment/20240228-eu-parliament-adopts-biodiversity-and-nature-restoration-bill

Dutchnews.nl, 12/03/2024: Dutch to vote against EU nature restoration law after MPs say no https://www.dutchnews.nl/2024/03/dutch-to-vote-against-eu-nature-restoration-law-after-mps-say-no/

Reuters, 20/03/2024: EU delays nature law vote as countries' support wanes https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/eu-delays-nature-law-vote-countries-support-wanes-2024-03-20/

The Guardian, 25/03/2024: EU nature restoration laws face collapse as member states withdraw support https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/25/eu-nature-restoration-laws-in-balance-as-member-states-withdraw-support

RTÉ News, 25/03/2024: Nature restoration law on brink after key vote called off https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2024/0325/1439934-eu-nature-law/

The Brussels Times, 28/03/2024: 'Completely incomprehensible': EU shelves the landmark Nature Restoration Law https://www.brusselstimes.com/984203/completely-incomprehensible-eu-shelves-the-landmark-nature-restoration-law

Politico, 31/03/2024: ‘Bad’ EU nature law needs to ‘go back to the drawing board,’ Belgian PM says https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-nature-restoration-law-bad-says-belgian-prime-minister-alexander-de-croo/

Dutchnews.nl, 02/04/2024: A week on, EU nature restoration plan remains in limbo https://www.dutchnews.nl/2024/04/a-week-on-eu-nature-restoration-plan-remains-in-limbo/

Politico, 18/04/2024: ‘Insane’ and ‘dangerous’ to give up on EU nature law, says Belgian minister https://www.politico.eu/article/insane-dangerous-eu-nature-law-belgium-minister-alain-maron/

The Guardian, 14/05/2024: 14/05/2024: Ministers mount last-ditch attempt to save EU laws on restoring nature https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/14/ministers-mount-last-ditch-attempt-to-save-eu-laws-on-restoring-nature

Politico, 14/06/2024: EU’s last-ditch bid to pass nature law sputters https://www.politico.eu/article/eus-last-ditch-bid-to-pass-nature-law-sputters/

Reuters, 16/06/2024: Austrian minister defies coalition ally to back EU nature restoration law https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/austrian-minister-defies-coalition-ally-back-eu-nature-restoration-law-2024-06-16/

Euronews, 17/06/2024: ‘A momentous day for nature’: EU approves first-of-its-kind law that could bring back biodiversity https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/06/17/what-is-the-nature-restoration-law-inside-the-first-of-its-kind-regulation-approved-in-eur

Dutchnews.nl, 17/06/2024: Contested EU nature restoration law crosses finish line https://www.dutchnews.nl/2024/06/contested-eu-nature-restoration-law-crosses-finish-line/

RTÉ News, 17/06/2024: EU countries approve landmark nature law after delays https://www.rte.ie/news/europe/2024/0617/1455111-eu-nature-law/

Deutsche Welle, 17/06/2024: EU ministers approve contested Nature Restoration Law https://p.dw.com/p/4h7fI

Euronews, 17/06/2024: Nature Restoration Law gets green light after Austria flips https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/17/nature-restoration-law-gets-green-light-after-austria-flips

The Irish Times, 17/06/2024: Landmark EU nature-restoration law is passed following months of deadlock https://www.irishtimes.com/world/europe/2024/06/17/landmark-eu-nature-restoration-law-is-passed-following-months-of-deadlock/

Associated Press (AP News), 18/06/2024: Landmark EU nature restoration plan gets the green light despite months of protests by farmers https://apnews.com/article/eu-environment-nature-protection-restoration-ecosystem-habitat-e108a5dfb987be413470e41328dd8caa

Helsinki Times, 19/08/2024: EU’s nature restoration law comes into effect https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/25536-eu-s-nature-restoration-law-comes-into-effect.html

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Commentary and Analysis

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): Biodiversity: Towards an EU law to restore nature https://www.wwf.eu/what_we_do/biodiversity/nature_restoration/

Euronews, 02/06/2022: Nature restoration: Why climate activists have high hopes for the EU https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/06/02/nature-restoration-why-climate-activists-have-high-hopes-for-the-eu

Corporate Europe Observatory: Press Release, 16/06/2022: Nature and human health cannot afford policy delays https://corporateeurope.org/en/2022/06/nature-and-human-health-cannot-afford-policy-delays

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): News, 22/06/2022: EU nature restoration law: Huge opportunity to fight biodiversity and climate crises https://www.wwf.eu/?6898416/EU-nature-restoration-law-Huge-opportunity-to-fight-biodiversity-and-climate-crises

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): News, 22/06/2022: EU Nature Restoration Law: A boost for biodiversity and climate https://www.iucn.org/news/europe/202206/eu-nature-restoration-law-a-boost-biodiversity-and-climate

BirdLife International: Press Release, 22/06/2022: EU nature restoration law – Huge opportunity to fight biodiversity and climate crises https://www.birdlife.org/news/2022/06/22/press-release-eu-nature-restoration-law-huge-opportunity-to-fight-biodiversity-and-climate-crises-ngo-reaction/

Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP): Publications, 22/06/2022: The proposed EU Nature Restoration Regulation: The path to nature's recovery https://ieep.eu/publications/the-proposed-eu-nature-restoration-regulation-the-path-to-nature-s-recovery

FERN: News, 22/06/2022: Nature restoration law offers hope for EU's stricken forests https://www.fern.org/publications-insight/nature-restoration-law-offers-hope-for-eus-stricken-forests-2521/

EurActiv: Opinion, 23/06/2022: Europe’s nature restoration journey can begin https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/opinion/europes-nature-restoration-journey-can-begin/

European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): Briefing, 02/12/2022: Regulation on nature restoration - Initial Appraisal of a European Commission Impact Assessment https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)734702

WorldWide Fund for Nature (WWF), 15/12/2022: The EU Nature Restoration Law knocks on the Environment Council’s door https://www.wwf.eu/?8455466/The-EU-Nature-Restoration-Law-knocks-on-the-Environment-Councils-door

Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP): Publications, 12/01/2023: Benefits of nature restoration: A new series of policy briefs https://ieep.eu/publications/benefits-of-nature-restoration-a-new-series-of-policy-briefs/

Greens/EFA EP Group: Opinion, 14/03/2023: Bring back nature: why we need a strong EU Nature Restoration Law https://www.greens-efa.eu/opinions/why-we-need-a-strong-eu-nature-restoration-law/

Climate Action Network (CAN Europe): Policy Briefing, 21/04/2023: Forests in the Nature Restoration Law https://caneurope.org/forests-in-the-nature-restoration-law/

Politico, 25/05/2023: How repairing nature became the EU’s most contentious green project https://www.politico.eu/article/how-repairing-nature-became-the-eus-most-contentious-green-project/

Wind Europe: Press Release, 06/06/2023: Nature restoration and wind energy go hand in hand https://windeurope.org/newsroom/press-releases/nature-restoration-and-wind-energy-go-hand-in-hand/

Euronews, 14/06/2023: The European Green Deal faces its moment of truth: nature restoration https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/06/14/the-european-green-deal-faces-its-moment-of-truth-nature-restoration

European Policy Centre (EPC): Flash Analysis, 14/06/2023: The EU’s Nature Restoration Law: The bigger picture at stake https://www.epc.eu/en/publications/The-EUs-Nature-Restauration-Law-The-bigger-picture-at-stake~517d54

ClientEarth: Press Release, 20/06/2023: Member States to European Parliament: Europe needs a Nature Restoration Law now! https://www.clientearth.org/latest/press-office/press/member-states-to-european-parliament-europe-needs-a-nature-restoration-law-now/

Reuters: Commentary, 21/06/2023: Why business leaders are calling on the EU to pass the Nature Restoration Law https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/land-use-biodiversity/comment-why-business-leaders-are-calling-eu-pass-nature-restoration-law-2023-06-21/

Verfassungsblog, 23/06/2023: Addressing Legal Myths about the Proposed EU Nature Restoration Law https://verfassungsblog.de/addressing-legal-myths-about-the-proposed-eu-nature-restoration-law/

Le Monde, 27/06/2023: Climate and biodiversity: The crucial issues in the European nature restoration law https://www.lemonde.fr/en/environment/article/2023/06/27/climate-and-biodiversity-the-crucial-issues-in-the-european-nature-restoration-law_6037963_114.html

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN), 04/07/2023: IUCN statement on the EU Nature Restoration Law https://www.iucn.org/iucn-statement/202307/iucn-statement-eu-nature-restoration-law

European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): At a Glance, 05/07/2023: Nature restoration regulation https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA(2023)751389

France24: Talking Europe, 07/07/2023: Deadlock on EU nature restoration law 'a tragedy': Bioenergy scientist Andre Faaij https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/talking-europe/20230707-deadlock-on-eu-nature-restoration-law-a-tragedy-bioenergy-scientist-andre-faaij

Nature Journal: Correspondence, 11/07/2023: Nature restoration: proposed EU law under threat https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02228-x

Social Europe, 14/07/2023: We only have one planet left to save https://www.socialeurope.eu/we-only-have-one-planet-left-to-save

Euro|topics, July 2023: EU: debate over the passing of the nature restoration law https://www.eurotopics.net/en/304248/

Institute of International & European Affairs (IIEA): Blog, 27/07/2023: A Political Ecosystem Divided: Europe’s Nature Restoration Law https://www.iiea.com/blog/a-political-ecosystem-divided-europes-nature-restoration-law

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): News, 03/10/2023: Europe needs a Nature Restoration Law fit for purpose, urge 200 NGOs https://www.wwf.eu/?11885441/Europe-needs-a-Nature-Restoration-Law-fit-for-purpose-urge-200-NGOs

European Environmental Bureau (EEB): News, 29/11/2023: Nature Restoration Law on homestretch after Environment Committee endorsement https://eeb.org/nature-restoration-law-on-homestretch-after-environment-committee-endorsement/

Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA): News, 15/12/2023: Is Europe ready to restore its nature? https://www.niva.no/en/news/is-europe-ready-to-restore-its-nature

European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): Briefing, 12/02/2024: EU nature restoration regulation: Setting binding targets for healthy ecosystems https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)738183

European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): At a Glance, 21/02/2024: Nature restoration regulation https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA(2024)759586

Politico, 27/02/2024: Ghosts of EU’s rightward future haunt nature law fight https://www.politico.eu/article/ghosts-of-eus-rightward-future-haunt-nature-law-fight/

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): News, 01/03/2024: The Nature Restoration Law passes to restore 20% of Europe's degraded land and sea https://iucn.org/news/202403/nature-restoration-law-passes-restore-20-europes-degraded-land-and-sea-0

Ireland: Houses of the Oireachtas: L&RS Note, 05/03/2024: EU Nature Restoration Law https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/libraryResearch/2024/2024-03-06_l-rs-note-eu-nature-restoration-law_en.pdf

Politico, 25/03/2024: How the EU’s flagship nature law became an electoral punching bag https://www.politico.eu/article/nature-restauration-law-european-parliament-election/

European Environmental Bureau (EEB): News, 16/05/2024: Nature Restoration Law supported by 75% of citizens in countries not backing the law https://eeb.org/nature-restoration-law-supported-by-75-of-citizens-in-countries-not-backing-the-law/

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): News, 17/06/2024: 17/06/2024: Historic win for EU's nature: EU Council seals the deal on Nature Restoration Law https://www.wwf.eu/?14108441/Historic-win-for-EUs-nature-EU-Council-seals-the-deal-on-Nature-Restoration-Law

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): News, 18/06/2024: The EU adopts its new Nature Restoration Law https://iucn.org/news/202406/eu-adopts-its-new-nature-restoration-law

Hogan Lovells: Engage, 19/06/2024: EU adopts first of its kind Nature Restoration Law https://www.engage.hoganlovells.com/knowledgeservices/news/eu-adopts-first-of-its-kind-nature-restoration-law

Linklaters: Sustainable Futures Blog, 20/06/2024: EU Nature Restoration Law formally approved by the Council https://sustainablefutures.linklaters.com/post/102janu/eu-nature-restoration-law-formally-approved-by-the-council

Climate Action Network (CAN Europe): Policy Briefing, 08/07/2024: Breaking the Gridlock: Overcoming Political Challenges to Restore Nature https://caneurope.org/poltical-gridlock-nature-restoration/

Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP): Policy Brief, 15/07/2024: The Nature Restoration Law – A hard-fought victory for biodiversity and society https://ieep.eu/publications/the-nature-restoration-law-a-hard-fought-victory-for-biodiversity-and-society/

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