Norway outside the European Union. Norway and European integration from 1994 to 2004

Abstract:

The Norwegian electorate rejected the opportunity to become a full member of the EU in November 1994. It has however maintained a very close relationship with the EU during the period since then. That position may change as the EU is enlarged in other directions. This book explores that relationship and the challenges and opportunities open to Norway in the future.

The work is organised over eight chapters. Following a comprehensive introduction chapter two provides the historical background from 1905 to Norway’s first application in 1962. Chapter three considers the changing nature of European integration and Norway’s response by way of seeking out alternative parameters to the relationship. Chapter four examines Norway’s position in the European Economic Area, the changing role of the Norwegian government and the centralisation of government administration. Chapter five deals with the EEA Agreement and the impact upon Norway’s decision makers in four case studies - Alcopops, the Gas Directive, Fisheries and Regional aid. Chapter six explores the development of Norway’s complex relationship with the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. The seventh chapter examines Norway’s relations with the EU in the area of Maastricht’s ‘third pillar’ of Justice and Home Affairs, with particular attention given to the Schengen agreements. Chapter eight closes with a review of the changes that have taken place on both sides of the relationship, concluding that Norway’s particular economic strengths in petroleum, agricultural and fishing industries might well persuade the Norwegian electorate to vote against EU membership for a third and probably final time.

The work will interest scholars, students, policy makers and researchers engaged in European Union studies, European integration and European Defence studies.