Negotiations on the future relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom

Summary:

Overview, reports and analyses relating the negotiations between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) on a post-Brexit relationship.

Further information:

The United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union on 1 February 2020. A Withdrawal Agreement entered into force and provides for a transition period until the end of the year (unless a Joint Committee adopts a decision extending that transition period). A Political Declaration accompanying the Withdrawal Agreement is to serve as the basis for negotiations on the future relationship between the EU and the UK. This document highlights that such partnership should cover trade and economic cooperation as well as other areas, such as security, defence and foreign policy.

The European Commission adopted a Recommendation for a Council on opening negotiations with the UK on 3 February 2020, including the negotiating directives. The Council adopted that Decision on 25 February with minor amendments. The UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson set out in broad terms his vision for the future EU-UK relationship on 3 February. On 17 February, the UK chief negotiator David Frost addressed an audience in Brussels where his vision for a trade agreement with the EU was also set out. The UK Government eventually released its initial negotiating stance on 27 February.

The first round of negotiations took place on 2 March 2020, in Brussels. The second round was postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak, according to a joint statement on 12 March. Alternative meeting arrangements were sought during the sanitary crisis. On 18 March, the European Commission published a draft legal agreement translating the negotiating mandate agreed at an earlier stage.

As the coronavirus outbreak unfolded, media outlets and analysts discussed on the possibility for an extension to the negotiations beyond the date set for 31 December 2020. The chief negotiations took stock on 15 April via video-conference of the technical work conducted since the first negotiating round on the basis of the legal texts exchanged by both sides. They also agreed on a calendar of the next rounds of talks.

The next rounds of negotiations were held on the following dates:

• Second round (20-24 April)
• Third round (11-15 May)
• Fourth round (2-5 June)
• "Restricted" round (29 June-3 July)

Throughout these rounds of talks, deep divisions between both sides on fundamental matters were highlighted by stakeholders and media outlets. A debate on the absence of an agreement by the end of the year emerged among analysts and businesses showed their concern. During the second meeting of the EU-UK Joint Committee under the Withdrawal Agreement on 12 June, the UK reaffirmed its intention not to seek an extension to the talks. A high-level meeting between the UK Prime Ministers and the leaders of the EU's main institutions was held on 15 June. On 18 June, the plenary of the European Parliament adopted a Resolution on the state of negotiations.

A "restricted" round of negotiations was held from 29 June to 3 July. On 9 July, the European Commission published guidance on readiness at the end of the transition period introduced by the Withdrawal Agreement. Following the sixth round of talks on 20-23 July, the EU's chief negotiator highlighted it became increasingly unlikely that an agreement could be reached within the deadline. The seventh round was held on 18-21 August and concluded without a breakthrough in the negotiations. The eight round was held on 8-10 September, taking place in the shadow of a bill introduced by the UK Government on the UK Internal Market aiming to change some of the provisions of the Northern Ireland protocol.

Official

European Commission: The European Union and the United Kingdom – forging a new partnership https://ec.europa.eu/info/european-union-and-united-kingdom-forging-new-partnership/

European Commission: Negotiation rounds on the future partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom https://ec.europa.eu/info/european-union-and-united-kingdom-forging-new-partnership/future-partnership/negotiation-rounds-future-partnership-between-european-union-and-united-kingdom_en

General Secretariat of the Council: EU-UK negotiations on the future relationship https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-uk-negotiations-on-the-future-relationship/

Welsh Government: Written Statement, 11/02/2020: Welsh Government response to the initial UK and EU negotiation mandates https://gov.wales/written-statement-welsh-government-response-initial-uk-and-eu-negotiation-mandates

European Parliament: Press Release, 02/03/2020: EU-UK future relations: crucial to ensure EU leverage and unity https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20200302IPR73703/

European Commission: Negotiations with the UK: Michel Barnier, the European Commission's Chief Negotiator, sets out points of convergence and divergence following the first round of negotiations (5 March 2020 - in French) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_20_402

European Commission: Joint statement by EU and UK negotiators on next week's round of negotiations (12 March 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_455

European Commission: Joint statement by EU and UK negotiators following the videoconference on 15 April 2020 https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_672

European Commission: Press statement by Michel Barnier following the second round of future relationship negotiations with the United Kingdom (24 April 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_739

European Commission: Remarks by Michel Barnier following Round 3 of negotiations for a new partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom (15 May 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_20_895

European Commission: Statement by Michel Barnier following Round 4 of negotiations for a new partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom (5 June 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_20_1017

UK Government: Press Release, 15/06/2020: EU-UK Statement following the High Level Meeting on 15 June https://www.gov.uk/government/news/eu-uk-statement-following-the-high-level-meeting-on-15-june

Council of the European Union: Press Release, 25/06/2020: EU-UK relations: Council adopts conclusions https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/06/25/eu-uk-relations-council-adopts-conclusions/

European Commission: 02/07/2020: Statement by Michel Barnier following the restricted round of negotiations for a new partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_20_1262

Germanay: Federal Foreign Office: Article, 09/07/2020: Brexit has arrived: Where are we now? What happens next? https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/europa/brexit-where-are-we-now-what-next/2204138

European Commission: Press statement by Michel Barnier following Round 6 of the negotiations for a new partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom (23 July 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_1400

European Commission: Remarks of Michel Barnier following the seventh round of negotiations on the future partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom (21 August 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_1511

Germany: Federal Foreign Office: Article, 04/09/2020: Brexit has arrived: Where are we now? What happens next? https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/europa/brexit-where-are-we-now-what-next/2204138

European Commission: Statement by Michel Barnier following Round 8 of negotiations for a new partnership between the European Union and the United Kingdom (10 September 2020) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_1612

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News

BBC News: Topics: EU-UK Post-Brexit trade talks https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c4vm89lx8e8t/eu-uk-post-brexit-trade-talks

Deutsche Welle, 31/01/2020: A divided Britain enters new era as it leaves the European Union https://p.dw.com/p/3X7BO

EurActiv, 31/01/2020: ‘Dawn of a new era’, says Johnson as UK exits EU https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/dawn-of-a-new-era-says-johnson-as-uk-exits-eu/

Politico, 02/02/2020: UK hardens rhetoric ahead of trade talks with Brussels https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-hardens-rhetoric-ahead-of-trade-talks-with-brussels/

Deutsche Welle, 03/02/2020: EU, UK begin post-Brexit poker on trade talks https://p.dw.com/p/3XDsP

The Guardian, 03/02/2020: UK and EU set out contrasting goals for post-Brexit trade deal https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/03/uk-and-eu-set-out-contrasting-goals-for-post-brexit-trade-deal

Sky News, 16/02/2020: Government dismisses EU trade demands as unreasonable and ridiculous https://news.sky.com/story/boris-johnson-eu-trade-demands-are-ridiculous-and-unreasonable-11935283

RFI News, 16/02/2020: France warns of bloody, bitter Brexit battle with Brits http://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20200216-france-warns-bloody-bitter-brexit-battle-brits

BBC News, 17/02/2020: Brexit: France warns UK of bitter trade negotiations https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-51526784

The Guardian, 17/02/2020: We won't budge on escaping EU rules, says UK's Brexit negotiator https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/17/britain-wont-follow-eu-trade-rules-after-brexit-says-uks-chief-negotiator

BBC News, 17/02/2020: Brexit negotiator says UK must be able to set its own laws https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-51538491

Reuters, 17/02/2020: Britain won't heed EU rules to win free trade: PM aide https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKKBN20B1UM

ITV News, 17/02/2020: 'We'll set laws that suit us': Chief Brexit negotiator insists Britain will not accept EU demands https://www.itv.com/news/2020-02-17/boris-johnson-european-union-negotiations-france-david-frost/

Sky News, 17/02/2020: Signing up to EU standards would defeat purpose of Brexit, UK negotiator David Frost says https://news.sky.com/story/signing-up-to-eu-standards-would-defeat-purpose-of-brexit-uk-negotiator-david-frost-says-11936688

RTÉ News, 18/02/2020: EU demand for level playing field on trade talks 'undemocratic' - Frost https://www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2020/0217/1115882-trade-brexit-uk-eu/

EurActiv, 18/02/2020: Frost: The whole point of Brexit is to break free from EU rules https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/frost-the-point-of-the-whole-brexit-is-to-break-free-from-eu-rules/

Politico, 18/02/2020: UK’s EU guru explains Brexit with dinosaurs and de Gaulle https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnsons-eu-guru-explains-brexit-with-dinosaurs-and-de-gaulle/

RTÉ News, 18/02/2020: EU to seek return of cultural artefacts under Brexit deal https://www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2020/0218/1116159-elgin-marbles/

BBC News, 18/02/2020: Michel Barnier: UK can't have Canada trade deal with EU https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-51549662

EurActiv, 19/02/2020: Brussels bristles at ‘dishonest’ UK government tweet https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/brussels-bristles-at-dishonest-uk-government-tweet/

The Guardian, 19/02/2020: UK-EU trade tensions descend into 'slide war https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/19/uk-eu-trade-tensions-descend-into-slide-war

TIME, 19/02/2020: U.K. Not Losing Its Marbles, Says Famed Greek Sculptures Cannot Be Part of Trade Negotiations With European Union https://time.com/5786406/elgin-marbles-greece-brexit-trade-deal/

The Guardian, 19/02/2020: Brexit deal 'a different ball game' to Canada agreement, warns EU https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/19/brexit-deal-different-ball-game-canada-agreement-eu-uk-brussels-trade

Euronews, 25/02/2020: Michel Barnier warns UK: EU will not conclude post-Brexit trade deal 'at any price' https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/25/brussels-and-london-flex-muscles-as-eu-prepares-to-finalise-post-brexit-trade-stance

The Guardian, 25/02/2020: Downing Street rejects EU's 'onerous' opening trade offer https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/25/downing-street-rejects-eu-opening-trade-offer

BBC News, 25/02/2020: Brexit: EU warns UK over goods checks between NI and GB https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-51632340

Reuters, 02/03/2020: Talking about life after the divorce: EU and Britain set for new talks https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKKBN20P009

The Guardian, 05/03/2020: Barnier warns of grave differences between EU and UK in trade talks https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/mar/05/barnier-warns-of-grave-differences-between-eu-and-uk-in-trade-talks

Reuters, 30/03/2020: EU pushes Britain to extend Brexit talks over virus outbreak https://www.reuters.com/articleidUSKBN21H1VP

The Guardian, 30/03/2020: Extend Brexit transition by years over coronavirus, UK told https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/mar/30/extend-brexit-transition-by-years-over-coronavirus-uk-told

City AM, 06/04/2020: UK sticks to December 2020 Brexit deadline despite coronavirus https://www.cityam.com/uk-sticks-to-december-2020-brexit-deadline-despite-coronavirus/

BBC News, 07/04/2020: Brexit trade talks continuing in ‘difficult times’ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52208127

City AM, 15/04/2020: Brexit trade talks set to resume next week with no deadline extension https://www.cityam.com/brexit-trade-talks-set-to-resume-next-week-with-no-deadline-extension/

The Guardian, 23/04/2020: UK making 'impossible demands' over Europol database in EU talks https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/23/uk-making-impossible-demands-over-europol-database-in-eu-talks

The Guardian, 24/04/2020: Britain running down the clock in Brexit talks, says Michel Barnier https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/apr/24/britain-running-down-the-clock-in-brexit-talks-says-michel-barnier-eu

Deutsche Welle, 25/04/2020: EU frustrated with sluggish Brexit negotiations https://p.dw.com/p/3bOpV

Reuters, 24/04/2020: Britain, EU fail to bridge gaps in future relationship talks https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN2261SJ

BBC News, 24/04/2020: Brexit: Disappointing progress in trade talks, says Michel Barnier https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52414155

The Independent, 24/04/2020: UK ‘failing to engage’ in Brexit talks, says EU chief Michel Barnier https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-uk-trade-deal-boris-johnson-barnier-latest-a9482171.html

EurActiv, 24/04/2020: Barnier: UK is derailing post-Brexit trade pact https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/barnier-uk-is-derailing-post-brexit-trade-pact/

The Guardian, 26/04/2020: Post-Brexit trade talks with EU on course to fail, Johnson warned https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/apr/26/post-brexit-trade-talks-with-eu-on-course-to-fail-johnson-warned

The Guardian, 13/05/2020: UK-EU trade deal with tariffs impossible in six months, say diplomats https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/13/uk-eu-trade-deal-with-tariffs-impossible-in-six-months-say-diplomats

BBC News, 15/05/2020: Brexit: UK warns 'very little progress' made in EU trade talks https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52679053

Deutsche Welle, 15/05/2020: Brexit: Trade talks yield little progress as EU, UK dig heels in https://p.dw.com/p/3cHJZ

EUObserver, 15/05/2020: UK and EU blame each other for trade talks stalemate https://euobserver.com/brexit/148389

Reuters, 17/05/2020: UK's Gove says EU trade deal can be done despite talks stalemate https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN22T08R

Politico, 17/05/2020: Michael Gove: Huge gap between UK and EU in Brexit talks https://www.politico.eu/article/michael-gove-brexit-talks/

RTÉ News, 27/05/2020: Hogan hopes for movement from UK in Brexit talks https://www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2020/0527/1143030-hogan-hopes-for-movement-from-uk-in-brexit-talks/

The Guardian, 04/06/2020: EU leaders will intervene in Brexit talks in autumn, says German official https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/04/eu-leaders-will-intervene-in-brexit-talks-in-autumn-says-german-official

Bloomberg, 04/06/2020: With No Progress, Brexit Talks May Go to October, Germany Warns https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-04/eu-and-u-k-have-made-no-progress-in-brexit-talks-germany-warns

Deutsche Welle, 05/06/2020: EU's Michel Barnier slams UK over Brexit negotiations https://p.dw.com/p/3dIuA

EurActiv, 05/06/2020: No breakthrough in Brexit stalemate, admits Barnier https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/no-breakthrough-in-brexit-stalemate-admits-barnier/

The Guardian, 15/06/2020: Boris Johnson: no reason why Brexit deal cannot be sealed in July https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/15/boris-johnson-hopes-securing-brexit-trade-deal-given-boost-eu

EurActiv, 15/06/2020: Low expectations as Johnson joins EU leaders to break Brexit deadlock https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/low-expectations-as-johnson-joins-eu-leaders-to-break-brexit-deadlock/

Deutsche Welle, 18/06/2020: Macron, Johnson agree to intensify Brexit negotiations https://p.dw.com/p/3e0dZ

EurActiv, 30/06/2020: UK sets September deadline for EU trade deal https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/uk-sets-september-deadline-for-eu-trade-deal/

Politico, 01/07/2020: Angela Merkel says EU ‘must prepare’ for no-deal Brexit https://www.politico.eu/article/angela-merkel-says-eu-must-prepare-for-no-deal-brexit/

Deutsche Welle, 02/07/2020: Brexit: Europe, UK trade talks stall over 'serious differences' https://p.dw.com/p/3ehqj

Euronews, 03/07/2020: 'Better to have no deal' if Britain continues Brexit stance, says former Irish PM https://www.euronews.com/2020/07/02/better-to-have-no-deal-if-britain-continues-brexit-stance-says-former-irish-pm

Politico, 03/07/2020: Boris Johnson: UK not being ‘disrespectful’ toward EU in Brexit talks https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnson-uk-not-being-disrespectful-toward-eu-in-brexit-talks/

Jornal Económico, 23/07/2020: Brexit deal? By the end of the year is "unlikely", says Barnier https://jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/en/news/Brexit-deal-by-the-end-of-the-year-is-unlikely-says-Barnier-617153

The Brussels Times, 23/07/2020: Post-Brexit trade deal ‘unlikely’ at this stage, EU negotiator says https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/eu-affairs/123076/post-brexit-trade-deal-unlikely-at-this-stage-eu-negotiator-says/

The Guardian, 29/07/2020: UK negotiators have only engaged with issues 'in last week or two', says EU https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jul/29/uk-negotiators-have-only-engaged-with-issues-in-last-week-or-two-says-eu

El País, 29/07/2020: Gibraltar seeks to keep EU ties after Brexit transition ends https://english.elpais.com/brexit/2020-07-29/gibraltar-seeks-to-keep-eu-ties-after-brexit-transition-ends.html

EurActiv, 06/08/2020: German minister urges UK to be more ‘realistic’ in Brexit talks https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/german-minister-urges-uk-to-be-more-realistic-in-brexit-talks/

Reuters, 07/08/2020: UK says it's confident of Brexit trade deal as EU changing tone https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN2531PL

The Brussels Times, 19/08/2020: EU and UK restart negotiations on post-Brexit relationship https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/eu-affairs/127433/brexit-round-7-of-negotiations-between-eu-and-uk-starts-in-brussels/

The Local (France), 31/08/2020: French foreign minister blasts 'intransigent and frankly unrealistic' UK at Brexit talks https://www.thelocal.fr/20200831/french-foreign-minister-blasts-intransigent-and-frankly-unrealistic-uk-at-brexit-talks

AP News, 31/08/2020: France accuses UK of stalling in post-Brexit trade talks https://apnews.com/8b6ed9f5f59b72f448aa8b307c862193

Euronews, 02/09/2020: Brexit talks: Barnier slams UK stance, says Britain 'not seeking clean break from EU at all' https://www.euronews.com/2020/09/02/brexit-talks-barnier-slams-uk-stance-says-britain-not-seeking-clean-break-from-eu-at-all-

Politico, 03/09/2020: Germany: EU will ‘close ranks’ in last weeks of Brexit talks https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-eu-will-close-ranks-in-last-weeks-of-brexit-talks/

Reuters, 06/09/2020: UK warns EU on Brexit: We won't blink first https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN25X08G

The Guardian, 07/09/2020: Leaked EU cables reveal growing mistrust of UK in Brexit talks https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/sep/07/leaked-eu-cables-reveal-mistrust-of-uk-motives-in-brexit-talks

TIME, 07/09/2020: Boris Johnson Says U.K. Will Quit Post-Brexit Trade Talks If No Deal by Oct. 15 https://time.com/5886556/boris-johnson-quit-brexit-trade-talks/

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Commentary and Analysis

Wikipedia: Trade deal negotiation between the UK and EU https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_deal_negotiation_between_the_UK_and_EU

Institute for Government: Explainer: Brexit transition period https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/brexit-transition-period

The Conversation, 30/01/2020: Brexit: here’s what happens next https://theconversation.com/brexit-heres-what-happens-next-130849

EU Law Analysis, 30/01/2020: Avoiding the next Brexit Cliff-Edge: Extending the Transition Period for the UK after 1 July 2020 http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.com/2020/01/avoiding-next-brexit-cliff-edge.html

Chatham House: Expert Comment, 31/01/2020: In Next Round of EU Negotiations, Britain Faces Familiar Pitfalls https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/next-round-eu-negotiations-britain-faces-familiar-pitfalls

LSE: Brexit Blog, 31/01/2020: Brexit is done? Brexit has only just begun https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/01/31/brexit-is-done-brexit-has-only-just-begun/

Spiegel Online International, 31/01/2020: Europe Can’t Afford to Alienate the UK https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/europe-can-t-afford-to-alienate-the-uk-after-brexit-a-6884d32f-d36d-40fa-bf1c-d74a7eb632f2

UK in a Changing Europe: Analysis, 31/01/2020: Brexit: what happens at and after 31 January? https://ukandeu.ac.uk/brexit-what-happens-at-and-after-31-january/

Politico, 03/02/2020: 5 potential clashes in the next phase of Brexit talks https://www.politico.eu/article/5-potential-clashes-in-the-next-phase-of-brexit-talks/

Euro|topics, February 2020: EU and UK: what comes after the farewells? https://www.eurotopics.net/en/234415/

The Guardian, 03/02/2020: Brexit: where do the EU and UK stand before talks begin? https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/03/brexit-where-eu-uk-stand-before-talks-begin

Institute for Government: Blog Comment, 03/02/2020: More Brexit battles ahead as the EU and UK set out future relationship priorities https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/blog/more-brexit-battles-ahead-eu-and-uk-set-out-future-relationship-priorities

UK in a Changing Europe: Analysis, 03/02/2020: Britain’s Brexit odyssey is far from over https://ukandeu.ac.uk/britains-brexit-odyssey-is-far-from-over/

Euro|topics, February 2020: Before the Brexit negotiations: EU under pressure https://www.eurotopics.net/en/234653/

BBC News, 04/02/2020: UK vs EU: What both sides want from a post-Brexit trade deal https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-51363016/

CEPS: In Brief, 04/02/2020: Building an EU-UK special relationship https://www.ceps.eu/building-an-eu-uk-special-relationship/

Institute for Government: Explainer: UK–EU future relationship negotiations: how do the opening positions compare? https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/uk-eu-future-relationship-negotiations-opening-positions

LSE: Brexit Blog, 10/02/2020: It’s the autonomy, stupid – can the EU and UK agree the rules of a future relationship? https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/02/10/long-read-its-the-autonomy-stupid-can-the-eu-and-uk-agree-the-rules-of-a-future-relationship/

UK in a Changing Europe: Analysis, 11/02/2020: The financial services sector will be key as the trade negotiations begin https://ukandeu.ac.uk/the-financial-services-sector-will-be-key-as-the-trade-negotiations-begin/

Institute for Government: Blog, 12/02/2020: Agreeing a future EU–UK deal is not the biggest of the EU’s Brexit headaches https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/blog/agreeing-future-eu-uk-deal-not-biggest-eus-brexit-headaches

LSE: Brexit Blog, 13/02/2020: Employment and social policy will be a sticking point in negotiations between London and Brussels https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/02/13/employment-and-social-policy-will-be-a-sticking-point-in-negotiations-between-london-and-brussels/

The Spectator: Blog, 17/02/2020: Top UK Brexit negotiator David Frost on his plans for an EU trade deal [Full Text of intervention] https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2020/02/full-text-top-uk-brexit-negotiator-david-frost-on-his-plans-for-an-eu-trade-deal/

The Spectator: Blog, 17/02/2020: Boris’s chief Brexit negotiator urges EU to rethink its red lines https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2020/02/david-frost-tries-to-convince-eu-to-take-uk-negotiating-position-seriously/

RTÉ News, 18/02/2020: 5 key points from David Frost's Brussels speech https://www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2020/0218/1115982-david-frost-speech/

EUObserver, 19/02/2020: Boris' Brexit bluff? - UK will resist alignment to the end https://euobserver.com/opinion/147485

EPRS: Briefing, February 2020: Future EU-UK trade relationship https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2020)646185

The Guardian, 25/02/2020: Why chlorinated chicken is centre of the table in UK-EU talks https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/feb/25/why-chlorinated-chicken-is-centre-of-the-table-in-uk-eu-talks

Bloomberg, 26/02/2020: Boris Johnson and the EU Are Talking Past Each Other, Again https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-26/boris-johnson-and-the-eu-are-talking-past-each-other-again

Forbes, 27/02/2020: Boris Johnson’s Short Attention Span Risks Undermining The UK’s Post-Brexit Trade Negotiations https://www.forbes.com/sites/harrybroadman/2020/02/27/boris-johnsons-short-attention-span-risks-undermining-the-uks-post-brexit-trade-negotiations/#375bc2643de4

Reuters: Explainer, 27/02/2020: Gaps between Britain and EU on eve of talks on post-Brexit ties https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKKCN20L256

BBC News, 27/02/2020: UK nears acid test in trade talks with EU https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51657273

Euro|topics, February 2020: Brexit negotiations: will London break its promises? https://www.eurotopics.net/en/236057/

LSE: Brexit Blog, 28/02/2020: Is this a return to no deal? Probably not – but there will be losers https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/02/28/deal-or-no-deal-once-more-a-question/

BBC News, 02/03/2020: Brexit: What to expect from UK-EU trade talks https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51657084

CER: Insights, 02/03/2020: The future EU-UK relationship and the (relative) case for optimism https://www.cer.eu/insights/future-eu-uk-relationship-and-relative-case-optimism

Politico, 03/03/2020: Britain plays hardball in Brexit trade talks https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-britain-boris-johnson-plays-hardball-in-eu-brexit-trade-talks/

BBC News, 05/03/2020: EU-UK Brexit talks: Differences clear after first week https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51751030

The Economist, 05/03/2020: The gaps between the EU and Britain are wide—and time is short https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/03/05/the-gaps-between-the-eu-and-britain-are-wide-and-time-is-short

ETUC: Document, 25/03/2020: Road Map of the ETUC on Negotiations on a New Partnership with the UK https://www.etuc.org/en/document/road-map-etuc-negotiations-new-partnership-uk

EurActiv, 27/03/2020: Negotiating a new EU-UK partnership in challenging times https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/opinion/negotiating-a-new-eu-uk-partnership-in-challenging-times/

The New Statesman, 31/03/2020: Will Boris Johnson be forced to extend the UK’s Brexit transition period? https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2020/03/will-boris-johnson-be-forced-extend-uk-s-brexit-transition-period

German Institute for International and Security Affairs: SWP Comments, April 2020: Brexit: A Pragmatic Trade Agreement? Time Is Tight But Deal Remains Possible https://doi.org/10.18449/2020C18

Foreign Policy, 03/04/2020: Britain’s Post-Brexit Identity Crisis https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/03/britain-post-brexit-identity-crisis/

Euronews, 07/04/2020: Post-Brexit Guide: Where are we now – and how did we get here? https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/11/brexit-draft-deal-first-of-many-hurdles-to-a-smooth-exit

Politico, 15/04/2020: Will the coronavirus kill the Brexit negotiations? https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/15/will-the-coronavirus-kill-the-brexit-negotiations-187605

Euro|topics, April 2020: Should Brexit be put on hold? https://www.eurotopics.net/en/239074/

Politico, 24/04/2020: Groundhog Day for Brexit talks https://www.politico.eu/article/groundhog-day-for-brexit-talks/

New Statesman, 27/04/2020: Coronavirus crisis could make UK-EU trade deal more likely, Gove says https://www.newstatesman.com/2020/04/coronavirus-crisis-could-make-uk-eu-trade-deal-more-likely-gove-says

EurActiv, 28/04/2020: Divided and running out of time: Why the EU-UK trade talks have stalled, again https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/divided-and-running-out-of-time-why-the-eu-uk-trade-talks-have-stalled-again/

RTÉ News, 15/05/2020: Minimal progress in EU-UK trade negotiations https://www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2020/0515/1138650-brexit/

Politico, 17/05/2020: A solution to the Brexit transition conundrum https://www.politico.eu/article/brexit-transition-conundrum-solution/

ECFR: Commentary, 21/05/2020: Those Brexit negotiations: The descent to hell https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_those_brexit_negotiations_the_descent_to_hell

Politico, 05/06/2020: Brexit deadlock: What happens next? https://www.politico.eu/article/brexit-deadlock-what-happens-next/

Euronews, 06/06/2020: Post-Brexit deadlock: Four areas threatening to scupper EU-UK deal on trade and future ties https://www.euronews.com/2020/06/05/watch-live-eu-s-brexit-chief-michel-barnier-gives-update-on-uk-negotiations

EPRS: Blog, 08/06/2020: Three Critical Issues In EU-UK Relations https://epthinktank.eu/2020/06/08/three-critical-issues-in-eu-uk-relations/

UK in a Changing Europe: Research Papers, 09/06/2020: The Brexit negotiations: a stocktake https://ukandeu.ac.uk/research-papers/the-brexit-negotiations-a-stocktake/

Euro|topics, June 2020: Stalled Brexit negotiations https://www.eurotopics.net/en/241915/

Euro|topics, June 2020: New bid to secure Brexit deal: will it help? https://www.eurotopics.net/en/242324/

Institute for Government: Blog, 16/06/2020: Four things we learnt from the UK–EU high-level meeting https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/blog/brexit-meeting-four-things

CER: In the Press, 17/06/2020: The Barnier method: Lessons learned from the EU's institutional approach to the Brexit negotiations https://www.cer.eu/in-the-press/barnier-method-lessons-learned-eu%E2%80%99s-institutional-approach-brexit-negotiations

Spiegel International, 29/06/2020: Lack of Deal Between EU and UK Imperils Security https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/justice-cooperation-lack-of-deal-between-eu-and-uk-imperils-security-a-7f8f7b00-fb11-4162-9179-c615119c992a

Robert Schuman Foundation: European Issues (No 568), 20/07/2020: Relations between the European Union and the UK: a final agreement in sight? https://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/european-issues/0568-relations-between-the-european-union-and-the-uk-a-final-agreement-in-sight

BBC News, 23/07/2020: Post-Brexit deal: What's happening in the UK-EU talks? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-53518641

United Kingdom: House of Commons Library: Briefing Paper (No 8977), 04/08/2020: UK-EU future relationship negotiations update: is an agreement possible? https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8977/

Politico, 05/08/2020: Why Boris Johnson’s Brexit trade deal is not so different to no deal https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnson-brexit-trade-deal-not-different-from-no-deal/

The Conversation, 04/09/2020: Brexit: as the deadline looms, why are negotiations stalling? https://theconversation.com/brexit-as-the-deadline-looms-why-are-negotiations-stalling-145251

LSE: Brexit Blog, 09/09/2020: How the Brexit negotiations can end without war being declared https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/09/09/how-the-brexit-negotiations-can-end-without-war-being-declared/

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