Is ‘hybrid geopolitics’ the next EU foreign policy doctrine?

The EU has faced a diverse range of criticisms over its actions during the Ukraine crisis. While some observers have accused EU states of being too weak in the face of Russia’s annexation of Crimea, others suggest that the crisis itself emerged from a misguided attempt by the EU to push for an Association Agreement with Ukraine. Richard Youngs highlights that the crisis has encouraged the EU to become a different kind of policy actor, with less emphasis on promoting EU norms and rules, and a greater focus on the potential geopolitical impact of different policy options.

ESO: Background information: EU Must Be Bolder in Driving Reform in Ukraine (Chatham House: Expert Comment, April 2017) http://www.europeansources.info/record/eu-must-be-bolder-in-driving-reform-in-ukraine/

EU: EEAS: Ukraine and the EU https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/1937/ukraine-and-eu_en

ESO: Background information: Poroshenko says Ukrainians at risk of losing faith in EU path http://www.europeansources.info/record/poroshenko-says-ukrainians-at-risk-of-losing-faith-in-eu-path/

---