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Summary:
Reports and analyses on the negotiations relating to the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union when it comes to Gibraltar, its status and the overall post-Brexit situation of this territory.
Further information:
Gibraltar was ceded to the British Crown by the Spanish Crown in 1713 and has remained under British sovereignty since that time. Spain tried to recapture Gibraltar by military force in the 18th century and has maintained a political and diplomatic campaign to restore Gibraltar to Spanish sovereignty to the present day. The territory joined the EU in 1973 as an external European territory of the UK, and Spain became a full member of the EU in 1986. Gibraltar was exempted from the Customs Union and certain other provisions, but has otherwise enjoyed full access to the Single Market. Gibraltar did not join the Schengen group.
Gibraltar voted overwhelmingly to remain in the European Union as a result of the referendum held on the United Kingdom's membership. The negotiating guidelines put forward by the European Council stated that any agreement between the EU and UK would only apply to Gibraltar following a bilateral agreement between the UK and Spain. As negotiations unfolded, there were concerns the Spanish government could use this veto power as a lever to obtain concessions over the sovereignty of the territory. An agreement on the post-Brexit status of Gibraltar was eventually reached on 25 November 2018, following a last-minute dispute.
The United Kingdom and Spain concluded on 29 November 2018 a set of Memoranda of Understanding on Gibraltar, supporting the related protocol which is featured on the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement. A Concordat was also published stating Memoranda and the Withdrawal Agreement’s Protocol on Gibraltar would be implemented in accordance with the Constitution of Gibraltar.
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Related Links |
- Official
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 07.12.16: UK and Gibraltar prepare for Brexit negotiations
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/698-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 09.12.16: Chief Minister to address House of Lords Select Committee on European Union
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/702-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 01.03.17: Positive Engagement on Brexit Matters between Gibraltar and UK
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2017/Press%20Releases/125-2017.pdf
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UK Government: Press Release, 08.03.18: Gibraltar and UK Government agree measures to ensure strong relationship continues
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/gibraltar-and-uk-government-agree-measures-to-ensure-strong-relationship-continues
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UK Parliament: House of Lords: News, 28.03.18: Brexit: Gibraltar - Lords EU Committee presses Government for four key commitments
http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/eu-select-committee-/news-parliament-2017/letter-brexit-gibraltar-follow-up/
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UK Government: Department for Exiting the European Union: Press Release, 05.06.18: Joint Ministerial Council (Gibraltar EU Negotiations) 5 June 2018
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-ministerial-council-gibraltar-eu-negotiations-5-june-2018
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UK Government: Secretary of State meeting with Chief Minister of Gibraltar, 26 September 2018
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/secretary-of-state-meeting-with-chief-minister-of-gibraltar-26-september-2018
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 01.10.18: Success for Team Gibraltar at Conservative Party Conference
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2018/Press%20Releases/597-2018.pdf
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UK Parliament: House of Lords: EU Committee, 23.10.18: Brexit: Gibraltar. Discussion with Hon Fabian Picardo, Chief Minister, HM Government of Gibraltar; Michael Llamas QC, Attorney-General, HM Government of Gibraltar
http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/european-union-committee/brexit-gibraltar/oral/92046.html
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 28.09.16: Garcia briefs German pro-Europe group on effects of Brexit
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/515-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 06.10.16: No way, Jose
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/536-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 12.10.16: Chief Minister Addresses Brussels Think Tank
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/558-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 20.07.16: Government commence detailed assessment of Gibraltar’s EU position
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/388-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 03.08.16: Chief Minister Meets New Minister for Europe
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/404-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 15.08.16: Select Committee on the EU
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/419-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 18.07.16: Chief Minister meets new Foreign Secretary Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP & Toast: 'British Gibraltar'
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/376-2016.pdf
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UK Government: Press Release, 16.07.16: Foreign Secretary reaffirms UK commitment to Gibraltar
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-reaffirms-uk-commitment-to-gibraltar
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 24.06.16: Statement by The Chief Minister to the Gibraltar Parliament
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Topical%20Speeches/20160624%20Statement%20by%20The%20Chief%20Minister%20to%20the%20Gibraltar%20Parliament.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 27.06.16: Government reassures the public after EU Referendum
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/320-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 01.07.16: Chief Minister Holds Meeting with La Linea Mayor to Discuss Brexit Strategy
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2016/Press%20Releases/329-2016.pdf
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Government of Gibraltar: Press Release, 29.03.17: Chief Minister’s Statement on the Prime Minister’s Triggering of Art 50 of the Lisbon Treaty
https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2017/Topical%20Speeches/20170329%20Chief%20Minister%20Statement%20on%20the%20Prime%20Minister%20Triggering%20of%20Art%2050%20of%20the%20Lisbon%20Treaty.pdf
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UK Government: Press Release, 02.04.17: PM call with Chief Minister of Gibraltar: 2 April 2017
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-call-with-chief-minister-of-gibraltar-2-april-2017
- News
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Politico, 11.12.16: Gibraltar seeks special Brexit deal
http://www.politico.eu/article/gibraltar-seeks-special-brexit-deal/
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EurActiv, 09.01.17: Spain sees joint sovereignty over Gibraltar difficult if UK opposes
http://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/spain-sees-joint-sovereignty-over-gibraltar-difficult-if-uk-opposes/
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The Local (Spain), 03.05.17: Spain demands Brexit brings end to Gibraltar’s 'unfair competition'
https://www.thelocal.es/20170503/spain-demands-brexit-brings-end-to-gibraltars-unfair-competition
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El País, 03.05.17: Spain won’t allow Gibraltar to exercise 'unfair competition' after Brexit
http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/05/03/inenglish/1493797850_570887.html
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The Local (Spain), 06.08.17: Spain won't seek to recover Gibraltar in Brexit talks: minister
https://www.thelocal.es/20170806/spain-wont-seek-to-recover-gibraltar-in-brexit-talks-minister
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The Guardian, 23.11.17: Brexit deal 'must work for Gibraltar', says Downing Street
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/23/brexit-deal-must-work-for-gibraltar-says-downing-street
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Politico, 19.12.17: London fears Madrid wants to drag Gibraltar into Brexit transition talks
https://www.politico.eu/article/london-fears-madrid-wants-to-drag-gibraltar-into-brexit-transition-talks/
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The Local (Spain), 08.02.18: Spain makes pledge on Gibraltar: 'Brexit won't change anything'
https://www.thelocal.es/20180208/spain-makes-pledge-on-gibraltar-brexit-wont-change-anything
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The Local (Spain), 23.03.18: Brexit: Spanish PM promises deal over Gibraltar
https://www.thelocal.es/20180323/brexit-spanish-pm-promises-deal-over-gibraltar
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The Guardian, 24.07.18: Gibraltar: Spain warns UK over 'cliff-edge' Brexit
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/24/gibraltar-spain-vents-frustration-with-uk-in-brexit-talks
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El País, 17.09.18: Spain wants a special chapter on Gibraltar in Brexit agreement
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/09/17/inenglish/1537169967_017791.html
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Euronews, 17.09.18: Barnier talks with Spain about Gibraltar ahead of Brexit
https://www.euronews.com/2018/09/17/barnier-talks-with-spain-about-gibraltar-ahead-of-brexit
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El País, 21.09.18: Spain hopeful of closing Gibraltar Brexit deal with UK by October
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/09/21/inenglish/1537521278_926151.html
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The Local (Spain), 21.09.18: Spain insists post-Brexit accord on Gibraltar must be reached by mid-October
https://www.thelocal.es/20180921/spain-insists-post-brexit-accord-on-gibraltar-must-be-reach-by-mid-october
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El País, 01.10.18: Brussels puts pressure on Spain, UK to reach Brexit deal on Gibraltar
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/10/01/inenglish/1538392916_761306.html
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Politico, 18.10.18: Gibraltar Brexit deal done, says Spain’s Sánchez
https://www.politico.eu/article/gibraltar-brexit-deal-done-says-spain-prime-minister-pedro-sanchez/
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El País, 18.10.18: At Brussels summit, Spain’s PM is hopeful of progress on Gibraltar
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/10/18/inenglish/1539873272_150898.html
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Sky News, 13.10.16: Johnson cites Godfather in rejecting Spain's Gibraltar claims
http://news.sky.com/story/johnson-cites-godfather-in-rejecting-spains-gibraltar-claims-10615597
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EurActiv, 13.10.16: Gibraltar wants special arrangement in Brexit treaty
http://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/news/gibraltar-wants-special-arrangement-in-brexit-treaty/
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Politico, 20.08.16: Brexit an ‘existential threat’ to Gibraltar economy: chief minister
http://www.politico.eu/article/brexit-an-existential-threat-to-gibraltar-economy-chief-minister-fabian-picardo-europe-consequences/
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The Local (Spain), 11.07.16: Gibraltar wants another referendum on Brexit
https://www.thelocal.es/20160711/gibraltar-calls-for-second-referendum-on-post-brexit-deal
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Politico, 24.06.16: Spain: post-Brexit UK should drop Gibraltar
https://www.politico.eu/article/spanish-minister-calls-for-gibraltar-to-be-returned-to-spain-on-back-of-brexit-vote-eu-leave-sovereign/
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The Local (Spain), 24.06.16: Brexit: Spain calls for shared sovereignty over Gibraltar
https://www.thelocal.es/20160624/spain-proposes-sharing-sovereignty-over-gibraltar-after-brexit-vote
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The Local (Spain), 02.04.17: 'Gibraltar not for sale': Britain's Johnson
https://www.thelocal.es/20170402/gibraltar-not-for-sale-britains-johnson
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Politico, 02.04.17: U.K.-Spain tensions over Gibraltar flare
http://www.politico.eu/article/u-k-spain-tensions-over-gibraltar-flare/
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El País, 31.03.17: No EU-UK deal will apply to Gibraltar without agreement from Spain
http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/03/31/inenglish/1490947258_654751.html
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The Guardian, 31.03.17: Future of Gibraltar at stake in Brexit negotiations
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/31/future-of-gibraltar-at-stake-in-brexit-negotiations
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BBC News, 01.04.17: Brexit: Gibraltar angered by Spain's EU 'veto'
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39453535
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EUobserver, 03.04.17: Brexit talks turn ugly over Gibraltar
https://euobserver.com/uk-referendum/137473
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EurActiv, 03.04.17: Brexit could turn Gibraltar into next Falklands, senior conservative claims
http://www.euractiv.com/section/future-eu/news/brexit-could-turn-gibraltar-into-next-falklands-senior-conservative-claims/
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El País, 03.04.17: 'There is no reason to lose one’s cool over Gibraltar': Spanish foreign minister
http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/04/03/inenglish/1491206946_322778.html
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The Local (Spain), 03.04.17: Spain 'surprised' by Britain's belligerent tone on Gibraltar
https://www.thelocal.es/20170403/spain-surprised-by-britains-belligerent-tone-on-gibraltar
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EUObserver, 04.04.17: EU rounds wagons in Gibraltar dispute
https://euobserver.com/uk-referendum/137480
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Deutsche Welle, 04.04.17: Spanish navy patrol ship sails into Gibraltar's waters prompting interception
http://dw.com/p/2ahJC
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The Local (Spain), 04.04.17: Britain to protest unlawful incursion by Spanish warship in Gibraltar waters
https://www.thelocal.es/20170404/britain-to-protest-unlawful-incursion-by-spanish-warship-in-gibraltar-waters
- Commentary and Analysis
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Wikipedia: Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar
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El País, 02.03.17: Gibraltar after Brexit
http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/03/02/inenglish/1488458573_126346.html
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El País, 13.04.17: Brexit is threatening the fragile economic symbiosis between La Línea de la Concepción and the Rock
http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/04/12/inenglish/1491994179_137993.html
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In Facts, 13.02.18: Brexiters heading for the Rock(s) on Gibraltar
https://infacts.org/brexiters-heading-rocks-gibraltar/
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The Independent, 01.03.18: Gibraltar is going to be an even bigger Brexit problem than Ireland – so why does no one want to talk about it?
http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/gibraltar-brexit-northern-ireland-border-spain-theresa-may-a8234516.html
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The Week, 08.03.18: Gibraltar and Brexit: what are the key issues?
http://www.theweek.co.uk/brexit/92166/gibraltar-and-brexit-what-are-the-key-issues
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In Facts, 30.08.18: Gibraltar: Overseas and overlooked in Brexit debate
https://infacts.org/gibraltar-overseas-and-overlooked-in-brexit-debate/
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El País, 27.09.18: Gibraltar after Brexit
https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/09/24/inenglish/1537782740_325473.html
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Conservative Home, 22.10.18: Meanwhile, good news from Gibraltar
https://www.conservativehome.com/thetorydiary/2018/10/agreement-on-gibraltar-is-the-good-news-on-the-brexit-negotiations.html
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UK Parliament: Library Research Papers, No 7963: Brexit and Gibraltar
http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7963/CBP-7963.pdf
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UK Parliament: Library Research Papers, No 8278: Brexit: Gibraltar update
http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8278/CBP-8278.pdf
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El País, 24.06.16: Gibraltar is Spanish!
https://elpais.com/elpais/2016/06/24/inenglish/1466762107_302957.html
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EurActiv, 31.03.17: EU-27 hands Spain veto over Gibraltar’s Brexit deal
https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/eu-27-hands-spain-veto-over-gibraltars-brexit-deal/
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El País, 30.03.17: Stoic Gibraltar slowly comes to terms with life after Brexit
http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/03/30/inenglish/1490861341_913797.html
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The Guardian, 03.04.17: Brexit talks: EU will not go soft on Gibraltar issue, diplomats say
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/02/eu-will-not-go-soft-on-gibraltar-brexit-talks-diplomats-say-spain
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Euro|topics: Debates, April 2017: How serious is the row over Gibraltar?
https://www.eurotopics.net/en/177060/how-serious-is-the-row-over-gibraltar
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In Facts, 03.04.17: Leavers brazenly deflect blame over Gibraltar
https://infacts.org/leavers-brazenly-deflect-blame-gibraltar/
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The Conversation, 14.03.17: Brexit causes anguish on Gibraltar
https://theconversation.com/brexit-causes-anguish-on-gibraltar-74426
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Spiegel Online International, 03.04.17: A Rock and a Hard Place. Gibraltar Erupts as Early Brexit Issue
http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/gibraltar-erupts-as-early-brexit-issue-a-1141693.html
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The Conversation, 05.04.17: Gibraltar: a history of ill will over the Rock
http://theconversation.com/gibraltar-a-history-of-ill-will-over-the-rock-75753
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Carnegie Europe, 10.04.17: Brexit Between The Rock and a Hard Place
http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/68615?lang=en
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Verfassungsblog, 17.04.17: Gibraltar and the "Brexit" – New Scenarios within a Historic Dispute. A Proposal.
https://verfassungsblog.de/gibraltar-and-the-brexit-new-scenarios-within-a-historic-dispute-a-proposal/
- ESO Records
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Brexit - The United Kingdom and the European Union
http://www.europeansources.info/record/brexit-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-union/
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Brexit and the view from Spain [The EU Referendum, 23 June 2016. The United Kingdom and the European Union. The results. Reaction in Spain]
https://www.europeansources.info/record/brexit-and-the-view-from-spain-the-eu-referendum-23-june-2016-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-union-the-results-reaction-in-spain/
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