Attribution is what states make of it

It is high-time for the Europeans to wake up from their hopes and dreams to build norms and rules for state behaviour in cyberspace.

The bottom line is that the attribution of malicious cyber incidents is inherently about what states make of it. Particularly in Europe, the persistent silence, political caution, and non-responsiveness to the myriad of cyber incidents on the continent, have emboldened foreign nation states to trample on international law and undermine global stability. It is high-time for the Europeans to wake up from their hopes and dreams to build norms and rules for state behaviour in cyberspace, and get their hands dirty by deterring and publicly calling out nation states and their malicious conduct in cyberspace.

A Wild Wild Web? Law, norms, crime and politics in cyberspace / The EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox: towards a cyber sanctions regime? (EUISS Brief No.23, July 2017) http://www.europeansources.info/record/a-wild-wild-web-law-norms-crime-and-politics-in-cyberspace-the-eu-cyber-diplomacy-toolbox-towards-a-cyber-sanctions-regime/

Cyber attacks: EU ready to respond with a range of measures, including sanctions (Council of the European Union: Press Release 19.06.17) http://www.europeansources.info/record/cyber-attacks-eu-ready-to-respond-with-a-range-of-measures-including-sanctions/

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