Governments, stability and developments of the economic policy of the Republic of Estonia. Introductory thoughts on the current situation.

Estonia survived three periods of occupation over half a century: Soviet occupation in 1940–1941, German occupation in 1941–1944, the second Soviet occupation in 1944–1991. The Republic of Estonia was restored on 20 August 1991 after an occupation period of more than 50 years. Thus we have been an independent Republic of Estonia for more than thirty years by now (by 20 August 2021). We have had a number of government compositions during that time.Constitution of the Republic of Estonia1 was adopted on the basis of the referendum conducted on 28 June 1992, according to §1 of the Constitution which came into effect on 1938. Thus all subsequent governments have been constitutional governments starting from the first government of Prime Minister Mart Laar from 21 October 1992 until the current second government of Kaja Kallas who took the office on 18 July 2022. The government which took office in July 2022 is already the 17th composition of constitutional governments. So we can state conditionally that Estonia has had in total 20 government compositions after regaining of independence:•government of the Estonian S.S.R. (03.04.1990 – 20.08.1991); •two transitional governments (20.08.1991 – 21.10.1992); •17 constitutional governments (21.10.1992 – 18.07.2022 ...)