| Author (Corporate) | European Commission |
|---|---|
| Series Title | COM |
| Series Details | (2010) 97 final (17.03.10) |
| Publication Date | 17/03/2010 |
| Content Type | Policy-making |
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Council Regulation (EEC) No 404/93 of 13 February 1993 established a common organisation of the market in bananas in the European Communities. After the adoption of this Council Regulation, several Latin American WTO Members supplying bananas to the EU on a Most Favoured Nation basis as well as the United States initiated WTO dispute settlement proceedings against the EU (notably the longstanding dispute WT/DS27) with respect to the different treatment of bananas introduced into the European Union market by different suppliers. On 11 April 2001 and 30 April 2001, respectively, the Commission reached Understandings with Ecuador and the United States which set the conditions to resolve the disputes. Those Understandings envisaged the introduction of a 'tariff regime only' for the imports of bananas in 2006. On 14 November 2001, the WTO Doha Ministerial Conference adopted waivers from the EU obligations under Articles I (Doha Waiver) and XIII of the GATT regarding the preferential treatment granted to products of ACP origin under the Cotonou Agreement. Those waivers established as a condition for the waiver with respect to bananas that the new tariff only regime to be introduced in 2006 "would result in at least maintaining total market access for MFN banana suppliers" and provided for an arbitration mechanism in case of disagreement. On 12 July 2004, the Council authorised the Commission to open negotiations under Article XXVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("GATT 1994") with a view to introducing a tariff only regime for bananas in the EC schedule. Accordingly, the Community notified the WTO on 15 July 2004 of its intention to modify concessions on item 0803 00 19 (bananas) in the EC WTO Schedule (CXL). Negotiations were conducted by the Commission in consultation with the Committee established by Article 133 of the Treaty and the Special Committee on Agriculture and within the framework of the negotiating directives issued by the Council. These negotiations failed to lead to an agreement. On 31 January 2005 the Community notified the WTO of its intention to replace its concessions on item 0803 00 19 (bananas) with a bound duty of €230/tonne. On 30 March 2005 several WTO Members (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela) requested arbitration under the Doha waiver. The Arbitrator’s Award issued on 1 August 2005 concluded that the MFN tariff rate of €230/tonne proposed by the Community was not consistent with the conditions of the Doha Waiver. The Commission revised the Community proposal in light of the arbitrator’s findings. In a second arbitration award, issued on 27 October 2005, the Arbitrator concluded that the revised proposal for an MFN tariff rate of €187/tonne also failed to rectify the matter. In view of its obligation to introduce a tariff only regime by 1 January 2006, and in consideration of the lack of agreement on a bound duty, the EU introduced an applied MFN duty of €176/tonne through Council Regulation (EC) No 1964/2005. This regulation also opened an autonomous tariff quota of 775 000 tonnes net weight subject to a zero-duty rate for imports of bananas originating in ACP countries. The EU did not notify any further proposal to modify its tariff schedule on bananas, pending an agreement with MFN banana suppliers. Since 1 January 2008, ACP banana suppliers have enjoyed duty-free quota-free access to the EU market on the basis of Economic Partnership Agreements with the EU. On 23 February 2007 and on 29 June 2007, respectively, Ecuador and the United States requested the establishment of a panel pursuant to Article 21.5 of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding concerning the alleged inconsistency with the WTO agreements of measures adopted by the EU to comply with the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) reports in the dispute WT/DS27. The final reports were adopted by the DSB in December 2008. Tbhe report in the case brought by Ecuador stated that the EU applied tariff (€176/tonne) on bananas was inconsistent with the EU tariff bindings under GATT 1994. Both reports also ruled that the preference granted by the EU at the time of the establishment of the panel (775 000 tonnes duty free) was inconsistent with the GATT 1994. On 22 March 2004 and on 29 January 2007 the Council authorised the Commission to open negotiations under Article XXIV:6 of the GATT 1994 in the course of the accession to the European Union of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Romania, respectively. The negotiations under Article XXVIII and Article XXIV:6 of the GATT 1994 were successfully concluded on 15 December 2009 by the initialling of a "Geneva Agreement on Trade in Bananas" with Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezuela ("the Geneva Agreement") and of an "Agreement on Trade in Bananas" with the United States of America (the "EU/US Agreement"). The agreements negotiated by the Commission provide for the settlement of the claims of the countries concerned under Articles XXIV:6 and XXVIII of the GATT. In addition, they implement the Understandings by binding a 'tariff regime only' and provide a solution to all the pending disputes concerning the tariff treatment of bananas, which should therefore be formally settled upon certification of the new EU tariff schedule on bananas. The Geneva Agreement provides for the application of tariff reduction commitments from the date of signature and retroactively to the date of initialling. In view of the need to implement the initial tariff cuts accordingly and to prevent the continuation of the pending disputes, paragraphs 3, 6 and 7 of the Geneva Agreement and paragraphs 2, 3(a) and 3(b) of the EU/US Agreement should be applied provisionally, in accordance with paragraph 8(b) of the Geneva Agreement and paragraph 6 of the EU/US Agreement, respectively, from the day of signature of each agreement, pending their entry into force. |
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| Source Link | http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2010:0097:FIN |
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| Subject Categories | Business and Industry, Trade |
| Countries / Regions | Europe, South America, United States |
